The recent declaration by the government of Bangladesh, designating the upazila of Savar in the Dhaka district as a "degraded air shed," marks a pivotal moment in the ongoing struggle against air pollution in the region. This designation comes with decisive action; starting this month, most brick kiln operations in Savar have been banned. This move is a crucial step towards addressing the severe public health crisis attributed to the toxic emissions generated by numerous brick kilns in the area.
The Air Pollution (Control) Rules of 2022, under which these new restrictions have been launched, aim to address the detrimental effects of the brick-making industry in South Asia, where brick production is an essential part of the economy. In Bangladesh, given the prevalent alluvial terrain that lacks sufficient rocks, brick manufacturing remains vital for construction and infrastructure development. However, this industry has garnered increasing scrutiny from health and environmental advocates due to its significant contributions to air pollution and the resultant public health risks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
According to recent air monitoring data reported by United News of Bangladesh (UNB), pollution levels in Savar have soared to nearly three times the national standard. The emissions from brick kilns pose serious health risks to local residents, especially vulnerable populations such as young children who are routinely exposed to harmful pollutants as they make their way to school. The environmental consequences are equally dire; during the dry season, wind patterns can disperse particulate matter and greenhouse gases across a broader region, potentially affecting air quality for even more individuals.
The government’s initiative seeks to create cleaner, healthier air in Savar while also addressing broader environmental challenges. With the brick kiln sector responsible for approximately 58% of Dhaka’s air pollution, tackling this issue has the potential to significantly improve public health outcomes for millions. The brick-making process is not only detrimental to air quality, but it also contributes to deforestation, as kilns consume substantial quantities of firewood for fuel.
Under the new regulations, all brick kiln operations have been banned except for cleaner alternatives, such as Tunnel Kilns and Hybrid Hoffman Kilns. This shift acknowledges that while brick production is essential for meeting construction needs, it can be done in a more environmentally responsible manner. Additionally, the regulations outlaw the open burning of solid waste and suspend environmental approvals for new pollution-emitting industries.
While many stakeholders welcome these changes, there are legitimate concerns regarding their potential impact on workers and the construction industry. Critics express fears about job losses and disruptions to the supply of building materials, indicating an urgent need for solutions that balance environmental needs with economic realities. Proponents, however, stress that the adoption of cleaner kiln technologies can allow for continued production while significantly reducing air pollution.
Global health programs and policymakers should consider avenues for enhancing equitable access to these cleaner technologies, especially in underserved and marginalized communities. A study published in 2025 in the journal Science highlights that operational changes at traditional kilns could lead to reductions in pollution, energy usage, and operational costs for brick manufacturers without sacrificing the quality of the bricks produced.
In summary, the declaration of Savar as a degraded air shed and the subsequent ban on most brick kiln operations signify a courageous response to an escalating public health crisis. This commitment not only aims to rectify severe air quality issues but also positions Bangladesh as a leader in taking proactive measures against climate change and public health degradation. Moving forward, it is vital for community leaders, workers, and policymakers to engage in dialogue that fosters an equitable transition to cleaner technologies.
As air pollution continues to pose an existential threat in many regions around the world, Bangladesh’s bold actions could serve as a beacon of hope. The effective management of air quality is not solely about implementing bans; rather, it requires a multifaceted approach that balances public health, economic viability, and environmental sustainability. Supporting this transition involves not only technology adoption but also ensuring that affected workers receive training and opportunities in the new green economy.
In the grand scheme, combating air pollution and promoting public health is a collective responsibility that transcends borders. As nations grapple with similar challenges, the proactive measures taken by Bangladesh can inspire global initiatives, fostering a commitment to cleaner, safer air for all.
